Page 109 - Chemistry - XI

2 10 18 36 +2 54 +8 +6 +4 +2 86 118
18 3.00 [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 2.60 [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ Oganesson Oganesson Oganesson Oganesson [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶ noble gases
4.0026 2372.3 He Helium 1s² 20.180 2080.7 Ne Neon 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 39.948 1520.6 Ar Argon [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ 83.798 1350.8 Kr Krypton 131.29 1170.4 Xe Xenon (220) 1037.0 Rn Radon (294) Og
9 −1 17 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 35 +7 +5 +4 +3 +1 −1 53 +7 +5 +3 +1 −1 85 +1 −1 117 70 +3 +2 102 +3 +2
3.98
17 3.16 2.96 [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵ 2.66 [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵ 2.20 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵ Tennessine [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁵ 1.30
18.998 1681.0 F Fluorine 1s² 2s² 2p⁵ 35.45 1251.2 Cl Chlorine [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵ 79.904 1139.9 Br Bromine 126.90 1008.4 I Iodine (210) 890.0 At Astatine (294) Ts 173.05 603.4 Yb Ytterbium [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s² (259) 642.0 No Nobelium [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s²
8 +2 +1 −1 −2 16 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 34 +6 +4 +2 −2 52 +6 +5 +4 +2 −2 84 +6 +4 +2 −2 69 +3 +2 +3 +2
3.44 2.58 116 101
16 2.55 2.10 2.00 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴ Livermorium [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴ 1.25 1.30 Mendelevium
15.999 1313.9 O Oxygen 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ 32.06 999.6 S Sulfur [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴ 78.971 941.0 Se Selenium [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴ 127.60 869.3 Te Tellurium [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴ (210) 812.1 Po Polonium (292) Lv 168.93 596.7 Tm Thulium [Xe] 4f¹³ 6s² (258) 635.0 Md [Rn] 5f¹³ 7s² reactive nonmetals
7 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 −3 15 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 −3 33 +5 +3 +2 −3 51 +5 +3 −3 83 +5 +3 −3 68 +3 +3 +2
3.04 2.19 115 100
15 Phosphorus 2.18 [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³ 2.05 [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³ 2.02 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³ Moscovium [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p³ 1.24 1.30 Fm
14.007 1402.3 N Nitrogen 1s² 2s² 2p³ 30.974 1011.8 P [Ne] 3s² 3p³ 74.922 947.0 As Arsenic 121.76 834.0 Sb Antimony 208.98 703.0 Bi Bismuth (288) Mc 167.25 589.3 Er Erbium [Xe] 4f¹² 6s² (257) 627.0 Fermium [Rn] 5f¹² 7s²
6 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 −3 −4 14 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 −3 −4 32 +4 +3 +2 +1 −4 50 +4 +2 −4 82 +4 +2 −4 114 67 +3 99 +3 +2
2.55 1.90
14 2.01 Germanium [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p² 1.96 [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p² 2.33 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p² Flerovium Flerovium Flerovium [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p² 1.23 1.30 Einsteinium
12.011 1086.5 C Carbon 1s² 2s² 2p² 28.085 786.5 Si Silicon [Ne] 3s² 3p² 72.630 762.0 Ge 118.71 708.6 Sn Tin 207.2 715.6 Pb Lead (289) Fl 164.93 581.0 Ho Holmium [Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s² (252) 619.0 Es [Rn] 5f¹¹ 6s² metalloids
5 +3 +2 +1 13 +3 +1 31 +3 +2 +1 49 +3 +2 +1 81 +3 +1 66 +3 +2 98 +4 +3 +1
2.04 113
13 1.61 1.81 1.78 1.62 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹ [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹ 1.22 Dysprosium Dysprosium Dysprosium 1.30 Californium
10.81 800.6 B Boron 1s² 2s² 2p¹ 26.982 577.5 Al Aluminium [Ne] 3s² 3p¹ 69.723 578.8 Ga Gallium [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ 114.82 558.3 In Indium [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹ 204.38 589.4 Tl Thallium (284) Nh Nihonium 162.50 573.0 Dy [Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s² (251) 608.0 Cf [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²
30 +2 48 +2 80 +4 +2 +1 112 65 +4 +3 +1 97 +4 +3
12 1.65 1.69 Cadmium 2.00 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² Copernicium [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 1.30 Berkelium
65.38 906.4 Zn Zinc [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 112.41 867.8 Cd [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 200.59 1007.1 Hg Mercury (285) Cn 158.93 565.8 Tb Terbium [Xe] 4f⁹ 6s² (247) 601.0 Bk [Rn] 5f⁹ 7s² post-transition metals
29 11 63.546 28 1.90 745.5 +4 +4 +3 +3 +2 +2 +1 +1 −1 Cu Copper [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ 107.87 47 46 1.93 731.0 +3 +4 +2 +2 +1 Ag Silver [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹ 196.97 79 78 2.54 890.1 +5 +6 +3 +5 +2 +4 +1 +2 −1 Au Gold [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹ (272) 111 110 Rg Roentgenium Roentgenium Roentgenium [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s² 157.25 64 63 1.20 593.4 +3 +3 +2 +2 +1 Gd Gadolinium [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s² (247) 96 95 1
Periodic Table of Elements atomic number electronegativity +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 oxidation states −2 most common are bold 10 9 8 58.693 58.933 55.845 27 26 1.88 737.1 1.91 760.4 1.83 +5 +6 +4 +5 +3 +4 +2 +3 +1 +2 Ni Co Fe −1 +1 −2 −1 Nickel Cobalt −2 [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s² [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² 106.42 102.91 101.07 45 44 2.20 804.4 2.28 719.7 2.20 +6 +8 +5 +7 +4 +6 +3 +5 +2 +4 Pd Rh Ru +1 +3 −1 +2 Palladi

95.95 42 2.16 684.3 Mo Molybdenum [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹ 7 6 54.938 51.996 25 24 762.5 1.55 717.3 1.66 652.9 +7 +6 +6 +5 +5 +4 +4 +3 +3 +2 Mn Cr +2 +1 +1 −1 Iron Manganese Chromium … −2 −3 [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s² [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ (98) 95.95 43 42 710.2 1.90 702.0 2.16 684.3 +7 +6 +6 +5 +5 +4 +4 +3 +3 +2 Tc Mo +2 +1 +1 Technetium Molybdenum −1 −1 −2 −3 [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s² [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹ 186.21 183.84 75 74 840.0 1.90 760

Appendix - I Appendix - I standard atomic weight or most stable mass number 1st ionization energy in kJ/mol chemical symbol name electron configuration 5 4 50.942 23 22 1.63 650.9 1.54 +5 +4 +4 +3 +3 +2 +2 +1 +1 −1 V −1 Vanadium [Ar] 3d³ 4s² 92.906 41 40 1.60 652.1 1.33 +5 +4 +4 +3 +3 +2 +2 +1 −1 Nb Niobium [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ 180.95 73 72 1.50 761.0 1.30 +5 +4 +4 +3 +3 +2 +2 −1 Ta Tantalum [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s² (262) 105 104 +5

21 47.867 658.8 +3 +2 +1 Ti Titanium [Ar] 3d² 4s² 91.224 39 640.1 +3 +2 +1 Zr Zirconium [Kr] 4d² 5s² 178.49 71 658.5 +3 Hf Hafnium [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s² (261) 103 580.0 +3 Rf Rutherfordium [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s² 138.91 538.1 La Lanthanum [Xe] 5d¹ 6s² (227) 499.0 Ac Actinium [Rn] 6d¹ 7s²
3 1.36 Scandium 1.22 1.27 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s² Lawrencium [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹
alkaline earth metals
44.956 633.1 Sc [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² 88.906 600.0 Y Yttrium [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² 174.97 523.5 Lu Lutetium (262) 470.0 Lr

4 +2 12 +2 +1 20 +2 38 +2 56 +2 88 +2
1.57 1.31
2 Magnesium 1.00 0.95 Strontium 0.89 0.90
9.0122 899.5 Be Beryllium 1s² 2s² 24.305 737.7 Mg [Ne] 3s² 40.078 589.8 Ca Calcium [Ar] 4s² 87.62 549.5 Sr [Kr] 5s² 137.33 502.9 Ba Barium [Xe] 6s² (226) 509.3 Ra Radium [Rn] 7s²
1 +1 −1 3 +1 −1 11 +1 −1 19 +1 37 +1 55 +1 87 +1
2.20 0.98
Group 1 1.008 1312.0 H Hydrogen 1s¹ 6.94 520.2 Li Lithium 1s² 2s¹ 22.990 0.93 495.8 Na Sodium [Ne] 3s¹ 39.098 0.82 418.8 K Potassium [Ar] 4s¹ 85.468 0.82 403.0 Rb Rubidium [Kr] 5s¹ 132.91 0.79 375.7 Cs Caesium [Xe] 6s¹ (223) 0.70 380.0 Fr Francium [Rn] 7s¹ alkali metals alkali metal

Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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