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3. A machine using AI is dependent on its programming. Such
machines usually lack creativity and can only perform tasks
they are programmed for.
4. Machines do not have emotions, morals, or ethics. Thus,
AI-enabled devices can prove dangerous in the wrong
hands.
5. AI-enabled machines may develop self-awareness and put
their own existence at a higher significance than that of
humans. In such a scenario, they might consider humans
their enemies and potential threats to their existence.

TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Based on its development approach, capability, and functionality, Artificial Intelligence can be divided
into several types.

Types of AI on Basis of Development Approach
Development of AI usually follows two approaches.
1. Rule-based Approach: A system designed to achieve artificial intelligence (AI) through predetermined
rules is known as a Rule-based AI system. Its structure comprises a set of human-coded rules
that result in pre-defined outcomes. These AI system models are defined by ‘if-then’ coding
statements. Two important elements of rule-based AI models are a set of rules and a set of facts
and by using these, developers can create a basic artificial intelligence model. Making changes in
these systems is not easy, and they are used to perform a specific set of tasks.

2. Machine Learning (ML) Approach: Machine Learning systems are designed to define its own set
of rules based on data outputs to which they have access without the intervention of humans.
ML-based systems use deep learning, where they observe large datasets, find patterns in the data,
and treat similar data in the same way. Their performances are measurable, and thus indicative of
the system’s increasing intelligence. These systems are able to update and adapt themselves to
new situations.

Types of AI on Basis of Capability
Based on the scope and range of capabilities, AI can be categorised as follows:
1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): Artificial Narrow Intelligence is the type of AI that is able to
perform a dedicated task with intelligence. This is the most common and currently available type
of AI. ANI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only trained for one specific task.
Hence, it is also termed as Weak AI. ANI can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes beyond its limits
or faces unexpected situations. Some applications of ANI are playing chess, making purchasing

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