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The cell reference B2 and D2 change automatically, but the cell reference B7 remains same even when
the formula is copied to other cells. It is because the cell reference $B$7 is an absolute reference.

Mixed Referencing
Mixed Referencing is a combination of relative and absolute referencing. In mixed referencing, one
part of the cell address – column or row, is made absolute while the other part is relative, such as
$A4 or A$4.

To understand the use of mixed referencing:
1. Prepare the worksheet as shown.

2. Type the formula =$A2+B$1 in cell B2, and press the
Enter key.

The result of the formula appears in cell B2.
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3. Select cell B2 and drag its fill handle down to cell B4.

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4. Drag the fill handle of the cell range B2:B4 across
to cell D4.
The calculated values appear in the cells.
5. Click each cell in the cell range B2 to D4 and
observe the formula in the Formula bar.

USING FUNCTIONS IN FORMULAS
Functions are in-built formulas in Excel that you can use
to perform calculations in your worksheets. A Function
always begins with an equal sign, and contains a function
name, followed by arguments within parentheses. The
function name is usually an abbreviated name of the
function. The Arguments are the values that function
uses to perform calculations. Arguments can be cell
references, constants, formulas, other functions, or
logical values.
For example, the function =SUM(B1 : B4) adds the values
in cells B1, B2, B3, and B4.

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