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Auxiliary +
Tense Active/Passive Voice
Past Participle
• They were cleaning the room when we arrived. (active)

subject + was/ The room was being cleaned when we arrived. (passive)
Past were + being + • They were cleaning the curtain when we were away.
Continuous past participle (active)
+ by + object The curtains were being cleaned by them when we

were away. (passive)

subject + had • They had roasted the nuts. (active)
+ been + past The nuts had been roasted by them. (passive)
Past Perfect
participle + by • The humans had created wheel ages ago. (active)
object The wheel had been created by humans ages ago. (passive)

• They will post the papers tomorrow. (active)
subject +
Simple modal + be + The papers will be posted tomorrow. (passive)
Future past participle • I shall complete the task tomorrow. (active)
+ by + object
The task will be completed tomorrow. (passive)
• They will have called you by 8 o’clock. (active)
subject +
modal + have You will have been called by them by 8 o’clock. (passive)
Future been + past
Perfect • She will have cooked the food by evening. (active)
participle + The food will have been cooked by her by evening.
by + object
Active and Passive Voice
(passive)
• We can teach English through correspondence. (active)
subject +
modal + be + English can be taught through correspondence. (passive)
Modals
past participle • May God bless you with health. (active)
+ object
May you be blessed with health. (passive)

Some General Rules of the Grammar of Voice

Personal pronouns often get changed with change of voice: Often personal pronouns
get changed when a change of voice takes place. For example:

I need some guidance. (active voice)
O
Some guidance is needed by me. (passive voice)

We brought them up. (active voice)
O
They were brought up by us. (passive voice)

Long phrase remains unchanged in particular cases: Sometimes the object is a long phrase
and it remains intact even when the voice gets changed in the sentence. For example:

Nelson commanded a fleet of ships. (active voice)
O
A fleet of ships was commanded by Nelson. (passive voice)
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