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11. She is reluctant _______________ the truth.

12. He was unfit _______________ the job.

B. Add infinitives, wherever required, to the verbs given in brackets to fill in the blanks.
1. My brother wants _______________ English at university. (study)

2. It is harmful _______________ impure water. (drink)
3. All my friends came _______________ me. (help)
4. It was brave of him _______________ single-handedly. (fight)

5. It was a good idea _______________ a shop in the colony. (open)

Let’s Learn Participle

A participle is a word which is partly a verb and partly an adjective. There are two forms of
participles―present participle and past participle.

A present participle is the -ing form of a verb. It indicates an action that is going on or is
incomplete. For example:

We talked to a farmer driving a bullock cart.
O
Playing by the river, the boy suddenly fell down.
O
A past participle usually ends in -ed, -d, -t, -en or -n. It indicates an action or a state that is
completed. For example:

They found the box of cheese eaten by rats.
O
Stopped by the police, the thief tried to maintain his innocence.
O
Apart from present participle and past participle, there is also a perfect participle. It
represents an action completed sometime in the past. For example:

Having arrived at the station, we breathed a sigh of relief.
O
Having given the command, the general marched away.
O

R
Rememberemember

The past participle when used as an adjective is in the passive voice. The present participle when used
as an adjective is in the active voice. For example:
• Many of his paintings show the setting sun. (active) Non-finite Verbs
• The torn sheet was flung aside. (passive)

Use of Participle to Join Sentences

We can combine two sentences using participles.

The sentences are combined:

� when both the sentences have the same subject. For example:
She ran out of the room. She was screaming.
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