Page 92 - Mathematics Class - IX

PROJECT 2

AIM
Chronology of Indian Mathematicians with their contributions.

INDIAN MATHEMATICIANS
List of famous Indian Mathematicians
1. Aryabhatta (476–550 AD) 4. Bhaskaracharya (1114–1185 AD)
2. Brahmagupta (598–668 AD) 5. Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920 AD)
3. Mahavira (800–870 AD)
ARYABHATTA’S CONTRIBUTIONS
1. He was the first person who gave the accurate value of p up to four decimal places which is 3.1416, no other
person had achieved such achievement in that century.
2. Aryabhatta was the pioneer to introduce the concept of ‘Bijganita’ or Algebra.
3. Aryabhatta was the first person who invented the modern method of finding square root.
4. Aryabhatta was also the first person who gave the general integral solution of linear equations.

BRAHMAGUPTA’S CONTRIBUTIONS
1. In his Brahmasphutasiddhanta, Brahmagupta extensively dealt with the properties of cyclic quadrilateral
and trapezium and the relation between their sides, diagonals and area.
2. Aryabhatta had prepared the sine table. Brahmagupta , in his Khandakhadyaka stated a new method to find
out the intermediate sine values from the Aryabhatta’s sine table values. After one thousand years, Newton
(1642–1727) and other mathematicians rediscovered this theory by the name of “Theory of Interpolation”.
3. Brahmagupta developed some algebraic notations and presented methods to solve quadratic equations. He
presented methods to solve indeterminate equations of the form ax + c = by.

MAHAVIRA’S CONTRIBUTIONS
1. In his Ganitasarasangraha, Mahavira was concerned with the properties of right-angled triangles, area and
circumference of ellipse, geometric progression series and so on.
2. He used his mathematical knowledge in various calculation on excavation and shadows.
3. Mahavira was a follower of the Jaina religion and was familiar with Jaina mathematics.

BHASKARACHARYA’S CONTRIBUTIONS
1. Bhaskara’s Sidhantasiromoni (1150 AD) was divided into four parts: Lilavati (rule of arithmetic), Vijaganita (on
algebra, root extraction), Grahaganitadhya (motion of planets) and Golodhyaya (on calculation of sphere).
2. Bhaskaracharya advanced the concept of Bijganit or algebra. He dealt on algorithm, zero and its use, unknown
quantities, surds, the pulverized or ‘kuttaka’, solution of quadratic equations and of certain equation of third
and fourth degree.

SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN’S CONTRIBUTIONS
Once a British mathematician, Hardy came over to visit Ramanujan in his bedside, Hardy said “I say, Srinivas, I
thought the number of the taxi I came in was a very dull one. It was 1729”. Without even a moment’s hesitation,
Ramanujan replied, “No, maybe not. It is not a dull number in the very least. It is the lowest number that can be
expressed in two different ways as the sum of two cubes!”—What a genius the ‘Ramanujan’.
Later on this number become famous as ‘Ramanujan Number’. (1729 = 10 + 9 = 12 + 1 ).
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