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A cell is the intersection of a row and a column. Columns are identified by letters – A, B, C, … while
rows are identified by numbers – 1, 2, 3, … Every cell has its own reference, called Cell Address, made
up of the column letter and the row number, e.g., B3.

Using Formulas
A formula is an expression that performs calculations and manipulations on data and produces a
result. A formula starts with an equal to (=) sign and is followed by an expression made up of values,
cell references, and operators.
To use a formula in a spreadsheet:

1. Create the worksheet as shown earlier.
2. In cell G2, type the formula = D2 + E2 + F2

A coloured dotted border appears around each cell referenced in the formula and the formula
also appears in the Formula bar. The result of the formula is previewed above the cell.
3. Press the Enter key.

The result of the formula is displayed in cell G2. The Autofill feature in Google Sheets displays the
result of the formula in the cell range below cell G2.

4. Click the Tick button to accept the formulas in the remaining cells.

Google Sheets uses the method of BEDMAS (Brackets, Exponentiation, Division, Multiplication,
Addition, Subtraction) to ascertain the precedence and order of the calculations in a complex formula
involving more than one operator.

Using Functions
A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a particular
order. Google Sheets provides many inbuilt functions, such as Sum, Average, Count, Max, and Min to
perform calculations. A function also starts with an equal to (=) sign. A function may contain one or
more arguments. Arguments are the values or cell references that contain the values on which you
want to apply the function.

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