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Using Functions in Formulas
Functions are in-built formulas in Excel that you can use to
perform calculations in your worksheets. A Function always
begins with an equal sign, and contains a function name,
followed by arguments within parentheses. The function
name is usually an abbreviated name of the function. The
Arguments are the values that function uses to perform
calculations. Arguments can be cell references, constants,
formulas, other functions, or logical values.
For example, the function =SUM(B1 : B4) adds the values
in cells B1, B2, B3, and B4.

COMMON FUNCTIONS IN EXCEL
The table given below lists some commonly used functions in Excel.

Function Description

SUM(number1, number2, ...) Adds the values specified in the argument list.

PRODUCT(number1, number2, ...) Multiplies the values specified in the argument list.

AVERAGE(number1, number2, ...) Calculates the average of the values specified in the argument list.

COUNT(value1, value2,...) Finds the number of cells that contain numerical values in the
specified range in the argument list.
MAX(number1, number2, ...) Finds the highest of the values specified in the argument list.

MIN(number1, number2, ...) Finds the lowest of the values specified in the argument list.

COUNTIF(range, criteria) Counts the number of cells that satisfy the specified condition
in the specified cell range.

UPPER(text) Converts all characters in the specified text value to uppercase.

LOWER(text) Converts all characters in the specified text value to lowercase.
CONCATENATE(text1, text2, …) Combines several text strings into one text string.

WRITING A FORMULA USING INSERT FUNCTION
The Insert Function button in the Formulas tab is used to
write formulas using functions.
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To write a formula using Insert Function:
1. Click the cell in which you want to enter the formula.

2. On the Formulas tab, click the Insert Function button.

The Insert Function dialog box opens and an equal
(=) sign appears in the cell.
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