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• Operations enclosed within parentheses are evaluated before other operations.

For example, the formula = 5 * (20 + 4) – 10, evaluates to result 110. Here, addition is performed
first, followed by multiplication and subtraction.

Knowledge Discovery Subject Enrichment

The Concatenation operator ‘&’ is used to join together two or more
values. The values joined can be text, numeric or a combination of
both.

The result of evaluation of different formulas using the precedence of operators are given below.

Formula Result
= 45 – 16 + 2 * 10 49

= 80 / 5 – 2 + 3 * 4 26

=15 – (60 + 5) / 13 + 20 30
= (85 – 40) / (15 – 6) 5

= 5 * 40 / (7 – 2) + 18 / 3 46

USING CELL REFERENCING IN A FORMULA

Most formulas you create include references to cells or ranges. A Reference identifies a cell or a range
of cells in a worksheet, and tells Excel where to look for the values or data you want to use in a formula.
Cell referencing in Excel is of three types:

• Relative Referencing • Absolute Referencing • Mixed Referencing

Relative Referencing
Relative Referencing is the default cell referencing used in Excel. In relative referencing, cell references
of the cells, containing the data, change when the formula is copied from one cell to another cell.

The references are changed with respect to the new cell where the formula is copied.
To understand the use of relative referencing:
1. Prepare the worksheet as shown.

2

2. Type the formula = A2*A2 in cell B2 and press the Enter key.
The result of the formula appears in cell B2.

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