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8 8 Formulas and
Formulas and

Functions in Excel 2019
Functions in Excel 2019

Pre-Processing

• Formula • Entering a Formula

• Entering Cell References • Precedence of Operators in a Formula
• Using Cell Referencing in a Formula • Viewing Formulas
• Common Functions in Excel • Writing a Formula Using Insert Function

With Excel 2019, you have learned to enter, organise, and format data in different ways in a worksheet.
Let us now learn to perform calculations on the data using formulas.
FORMULA
A Formula is an equation used to perform calculation on the data and produce a result in a worksheet.
A formula always starts with an equal (=) sign, which can be followed by operators, constants, cell
references, and functions. The initial equal sign allows Excel to distinguish a formula from normal text.
• Operators : Operators are the symbols that represent operations to be performed by a
formula, such as +, –, *, or /.
• Constants : Constants are the numbers or text values that can be entered directly into a
formula, such as 2, –13.5, or “Hello”.
• Cell References : Cell References are the Cell addresses that contain values to be used in a formula,
such as A1. The reference of the Active cell is displayed in the Name box.
• Functions : Functions are the predefined formulas in Excel, such as Sum, Min, or Max.

The formula in the active cell is displayed in the Formula bar while its result is displayed in the cell.
Some examples of formulas in Excel are:

Formula Description

= 5 * 10 Multiplies the numbers 5 and 10
= B2 + 2 To merge the selected cells in the same row into one large cell.

= A3 To merge the selected cells into a single cell.
= A1 + A2 Adds the values in cells A1 and A2

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