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 A Formula is an equation used to perform calculation on the data and produce a result in a
worksheet.
 A formula always starts with an equal (=) sign, which can be followed by operators, constants,
cell references, and functions.
 Cell references in Excel can be Relative, Absolute, or Mixed.
 In Relative referencing, cell references of the cells, containing the data, change when the
formula is copied from one cell to another cell, depending on the target cell address.
 In Absolute referencing, a cell reference in a formula remains constant even if the formula is
copied or moved from one cell to another cell.

 In Mixed referencing, one part of the cell address – column or row, is made absolute while the
other part is relative.
 Functions are in-built formulas in Excel that you can use to perform calculations in your
worksheets.
 Excel reports an error in a formula in different ways that relate to the cause of error.

INFO RETENTION
INFO RETENTION

A. Select the correct option for each of the following statements.

1. An equation used to perform calculation on the data and produce a result in a worksheet is
called a ______.
(a) Formula (b) Operator (c) Constant (d) Expression

2. If the formula = C2 + $D$2 in cell E2 is copied to cell E3, the new formula in cell E3 will be ______.
(a) = C3 + $D$3 (b) = C3 + $D$2 (c) = C3 + $E$3 (d) = C3 + E3
3. The values that a function in Excel uses to perform calculations are called ______.

(a) arguments (b) formula (c) cell reference (d) operators
4. The error that occurs when a column is not wide enough to display the result is ______.

(a) #NUM! (b) ###### (c) #REF! (d) #DIV/0!
5. The result of the formula = UPPER(“Akhil”) in a cell in Excel is ______.
(a) akhil (b) AkhiL (c) AKHIL (d) AkHiL

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. _____________ are in-built formulas in Excel that you can use to perform calculations in a
worksheet.
2. The _____________ feature allows you to quickly add the values of a selected cell range.

3. $F$5 is an example of _____________ cell reference.

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