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4. Centralised Software: Computer networks allow users to access and use multiuser software
without the need to install them on their systems.
5. Reliability: Computer networks provide backup features for data and information. Multiple
copies of data can be maintained at various locations in a network.

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORKING
Some disadvantages of computer networking are:

1. Security Threats: Data and identity theft by hackers is a major threat to networks since a large
number of users access information and data.
2. Expensive Maintenance: Setting up and maintaining networks is expensive beacause of cabling,
security measures, and constant up-gradation of network.
3. Network Failure: When centralised servers or transmission
media fail, network connectivity is lost. This leads to loss of
information, finances, and access to network resources.
4. Malware Infection: Viruses and other malware can easily
spread from one computer to others. This may corrupt the
stored data.

Post-Processingost-Processing
P
 A computer network is a collection of computers or other devices that are connected to
each other in order to share data as well as hardware and software resources.
 On the basis of the geographical area covered, they are classified as PAN, LAN, MAN, and
WAN.
 Transmission media is the medium through which data is transferred from one device to
another.
 Network devices, such as modem, hub, switch, and router are used to connect various
devices in a network.
 A Network Topology is the arrangement in which computers and other network devices are
connected with one another.

Info Retention
A. Select the correct option for each of the following statements.

1. A network organised within the environment of an individual user is ______.
(a) PAN (b) MAN (c) LAN (d) WAN

2. A network topology in which all the nodes are connected to a central node or hub is ______.

(a) Mesh topology (b) Bus topology (c) Ring topology (d) Star topology
3. A network that covers a region of an entire city is ______.

(a) WAN (b) MAN (c) LAN (d) PAN

4. A wireless transmission technology that uses electromagnetic waves is ______.
(a) NFC (b) Microwave (c) Infrared (d) Bluetooth

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