Page 8 - Code & Click - 8

6. Cost–Effective Systems − Computer networks have reduced the cost of establishment of
computer systems in organizations. Instead of installing expensive mainframes, interconnected
personal computers (PCs) can be installed providing similar functionalities and efficiency levels.
7. VoIP − VoIP or Voice over Internet Protocol has revolutionised telecommunication systems.
Through VoIP, telephone calls are made digitally using the Internet instead of the regular
telephone lines.

Web
Print
NETWORKING TERMINOLOGIES Server Server
• Server: It is a device or software application that provides
services to other devices or software applications on a
network. When the client requests for a service, then
the server opens the door for the incoming requests,
but it never initiates the service. A server can be of
several types, such as print server, database server, web Database Application
Server
Server
server, and application server.
• Client: It is a device or software application that requests services from a server. For example,
a smartphone running a media streaming app is a client that requires the requested media to
be downloaded from the web server where the content is stored.
• IP Address: It stands for ‘Internet Protocol Address’. It is a unique, logical address assigned to
every computer and device connected to a network. It is used to establish a secure connection
between the server and the client.
• Domain Name System (DNS): It translates human readable domain names into the corresponding
IP addresses associated with networking equipment, enabling devices to be located and
connected worldwide.
• Bandwidth: It is a measure of the volume of data that can be transmitted through a network
in a specified interval of time. Common units for measuring bandwidth of a network are Bytes
per second (Bps), Kilobytes per second (Kbps), and Megabytes per second (Mbps).

TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Computer networks are of different types. On the basis of the geographical area covered, they are
classified as:
Personal Area Network (PAN)
A PAN is a computer network organised within the environment of
an individual user. It can cover an area of a few metres in radius.
It is commonly used to transfer pictures, songs, or small data files
between connected devices, such as laptops, smartphones, tablets,
MP3 players, and headphones. PANs can be wired or wireless.

Local Area Network (LAN)
LAN is a computer network which is usually confined to a
single room, building, or group of buildings. It can cover
an area of a few kilometres in radius. LANs are commonly
used in places such as schools, college campuses, hospitals,
and offices. LANs can be wired or wireless.

6