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1 Computer Language

Pre-Processing
Pre-Processing
• Early Calculating Devices • Evolution of Computers
• Computer Languages

In today’s technological world, computers are indispensible devices in our lives which help fulfil
everyday tasks. They are known for their speed, accuracy, diligence, high storage capacity, versatility,
and communication abilities. Computers have come a long way from simple calculating machines to
the powerful complex supercomputers.

EARLY CALCULATING DEVICES
Abacus
Abacus was the first numerical calculator invented in China around 2600 B.C.
It performed simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of
numbers. An Abacus consists of beads that can be moved on a series of sticks
within a wooden frame.
Abacus
Napier’s Bones

Napier’s Bones was invented in 1617 by Scottish mathematician Sir John Napier.
The device was used to solve complex multiplication and division calculations
easily. It consisted of rods made from bones with numbers marked on them, hence
the name Napier’s Bones.
Napier’s Bones
Pascaline Calculator
Pascaline Calculator was developed in 1642 by a French mathematician Blaise
Pascal. It was made up of wheels, dials, and gears. It could solve complex
mathematical calculations involving large numbers. It is considered to be the Pascaline Calculator
first mechanical calculator.
Analytical Engine
Analytical Engine was also invented by Charles Babbage in 1833. This
machine was made from steam-driven mechanical parts. It had all the main
parts that of any modern computer – an input device, a storage device, a
central processing unit, and an output device. Thus, Charles Babbage is
Analytical Engine known as the ‘Father of Computer’.

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
The computer that we use today is the outcome of the development of different generations of
computing devices. Each generation of computers is characterised by a major technological
development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate. Each generation resulted in
smaller, cheaper, more powerful, and more reliable computers.

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