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programs that can be clicked, moved and double-clicked to perform various functions. Windows, Mac OS and
Linux are examples of GUI operating system.

Window Desktop Ubuntu Desktop
Multitasking Operating System
A multitasking operating system lets the computer handle several
tasks at the same time. For example, you may run a spell checker
in a Word document while printing a spreadsheet and listening
to music, all at the same time. Most modern operating systems
such as Windows or Mac OS are multitasking operating systems.
Batch Operating System

A Batch operating system does not interact with the computer directly. There is an operator which takes similar
jobs having same requirement, and groups them into batches.
It is the responsibility of operator to sort the jobs with similar
needs. Processors of the batch systems know how long the
job would be when it is in queue. Multiple users can share the
batch operating system. It has the advantage of low idle time
and managing large job works. An example of Batch operating
system is IBM MVS.
Time Sharing Operating System

A Time-sharing operating system is a type of multitasking operating system that divides the CPU time equally
among all the programs waiting to be executed. It allocates a slice of CPU time, usually in nanoseconds, to each
program to execute in turn. The time that each task gets to execute is called quantum. After this time interval is
over, OS switches over to next task. In a time-sharing operating system, each task gets an equal opportunity to
run. There are less chances of duplication of software and the CPU idle time can be reduced. Examples of time-
sharing operating systems are Linux, Multics and UNIX.
Real-Time Operating System

A real-time operating system is defined as a data processing system in which the time interval required to process
and respond to inputs is so small that it is almost immediate. The time taken by the system to respond to an input
and display of required updated information is termed as the response time. Real-time operating systems are used
when there are rigid time requirements on the operation of a processor or the flow of data. A real-time operating
system must have well-defined, fixed time constraints, otherwise the system will fail. Major applications of real-time
operating system are in weather forecasting systems, scientific experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial
control systems, weapon systems, robotics, air traffic control systems, etc.

A real-time operating system can be a Soft real-time operating system which usually meets the specified
response deadline, or a Hard real-time operating system which always meets the specified response
deadline.

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