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4. E-Commerce − Computer networks have paved way for a variety
of business and commercial transactions online, popularly called
e-commerce. Users and organisations can pool funds, buy or sell
items, pay bills, manage bank accounts, pay taxes, transfer funds,
and handle investments electronically.
5. Highly Reliable Systems − Computer networks allow systems to
be distributed in nature, so that data is stored in multiple sources.
This makes the system highly reliable. If a failure occurs in one
source, the system continues to function, and data is available from the other sources.
6. Cost–Effective Systems − Computer networks have reduced the cost of establishment of computer
systems in organizations. Instead of installing expensive mainframes, interconnected personal
computers (PCs) can be installed providing similar functionalities and efficiency levels.
7. VoIP − VoIP or Voice over Internet Protocol has revolutionised telecommunication systems. Through
VoIP, telephone calls are made digitally using the Internet instead of the regular telephone lines.

NETWORKING TERMINOLOGIES
• Server: It is a device or software application that provides Print Web
services to other devices or software applications on Server Server
a network. It runs on a remote machine providing
services to the clients. When the client requests for
a service, then the server opens the door for the
incoming requests, but it never initiates the service.
A server can be of several types, such as print server,
database server, web server, and application server. Database Application
• Client: It is a device or software application that requests Server Server
services from a server. For example, a smartphone
running a media streaming app is a client that requires the requested media to be downloaded
from the web server where the content is stored.
• IP Address: It stands for ‘Internet Protocol Address’. It is a unique, logical address assigned to
every computer and device connected to a network. It is used to establish a secure connection
between the server and the client.
• Domain Name System (DNS): It is a hierarchical system built on a distributed database for
computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It translates
human readable domain names into the corresponding IP addresses associated with networking
equipment, enabling devices to be located and connected worldwide.
• Bandwidth: It is a measure of the volume of data that can be transmitted through a network in
a specified interval of time. Common units for measuring bandwidth of a network are Bytes per
second (Bps), Kilobytes per second (Kbps), and Megabytes per second (Mbps).

Knowledge Discovery Subject Enrichment

An Intranet is a computer network of computers and devices that are part of a specific organisation. The
access to an Intranet is usually limited to the employees of the organisation. An Internet is a global network
of computer network all over the world. Its access is available to everyone. An Extranet is private network
that uses the public internet to securely connect two or more networks owned by a single organisation
or multiple organisations. The access to an extranet is granted only to employees of the organisation and
to external authorised users based on their requirements and role in the organisation.

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