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Database Subject Enrichment

Debugging is the process of finding and resolving bugs (defects or problems that prevent correct operation)
within computer programs, software, or systems. The term was coined by US scientist and Rear Admiral
Grace Hopper, in September 1947. While working on the Mark II system at Harvard University, her team
found a moth in one of the relays that prevented the system from working. She identified the moth as a
bug and the correction of the problem was termed debugging. Thomas Edison was the first person to use
the term bug with reference to problems and faults in the functioning of his devices.

Post-Processing  
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 Some early computing devices were Abacus, Napier's Bones, Pascaline Calculator, Difference
Engine, Analytical Engine, and Stepped Reckoner.
 The successive generations of computers are characterised by the technology used in the
computers, such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integerated circuits, microprocessors, and
Artificial Intelligence.
 Each new generation of computers resulted in smaller, cheaper, more powerful, and more
reliable computers.

 A computer language is a medium to exchange information between a user and a computer.
 Machine language, a low-level language, understands only binary digits – 0 and 1.
 Low-level languages are machine-dependent, tedious, and difficult to program with.
 High-level languages are machine-independent, structured, and programmer-friendly.

INFO RETENTION
INFO RETENTION

A. Select the correct option for each of the following statements.
1. A language processor that converts a high-level language program into a machine language
program, line by line is ______.
(a) Assembler (b) Compiler (c) Interpreter (d) Converter

2. A language which is expressed in the form of binary digits – 0 and 1, is ______.
(a) Machine language (b) Assembly language
(c) High-level language (d) Visual language
3. The third generation of computers used ______.

(a) transistors (b) vacuum tubes (c) integrated circuits (d) microprocessors
4. An early computing device invented by Charles Babbage is ______.
(a) Addition Engine (b) Difference Engine (c) Compiler (d) Mathematical Engine
5. A language processor that converts an entire high-level language program into machine language
program in one go is ______.

(a) Assembler (b) Compiler (c) Interpreter (d) Converter

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