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2. The rewards are input data received by the agent when certain criteria are satisfied. For
example, a Reinforcement Learning AI agent in chess will make many moves before each win

or loss.
3. Rewards often contain only partial information. A reward like a win in chess doesn’t clearly
signal which inputs were good and which were not.

4. The system is learning an action policy for taking actions to maximise its receipt of cumulative
rewards.

Limitations of Machine Learning Systems

There are many different types of Machine Learning failure modes, but perhaps the most common
is when the training data is not sufficiently representative and instructive for the diverse, real-world
examples the Machine Learning system will encounter. For example, a satellite imagery classifier that
is trained to recognise vehicles exclusively using training data images in a desert environment should
be assumed to have degraded performance if the operational data images are of the same vehicles in
a grassland, urban, or arctic tundra environment. For the same reason, the performance of ML models
in real world applications generally degrades over time if not regularly updated with new training data
that reflects the changing state of the world.

P
Post-Processingost-Processing
 The various disciplines of study that approach AI are Computer Science, Computer
Engineering, Philosophy, Psychology, Mathematics & Statistics, Neuroscience, Linguistics,
and Biology.
 Symbolic AI refers to approaches to developing intelligent machines by encoding the
knowledge and experience of experts into sets of rules that can be executed by the machine.

 Machine Learning AI systems generate their own rules without human intervention by
observing and recognizing patterns.

 Factors that have led to growth in focus on Machine Learning include massive datasets,
increased computing power, improved algorithms, and open-source code libraries.
 Machine Learning can be Supervised, Unsupervised, Semi-supervised, and Reinforcment.

Info Retention

A. Select the correct option for each of the following statements.

1. Which discipline of study contributes towards the study of particularities of the mind and
behaviour?
(a) Philosophy (b) Biology (c) Psychology (d) Linguistics

2. Which of the following describes the aim of Artificial Intelligence to provide machines with?
(a) Creation of humans (b) Imitation of human intelligence

(c) Creation of human intelligence (d) Destruction of human intelligence

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