Page 138 - English Grammar - 8

He says, “I did not know.” (direct speech)
O
He says that that he did not know. (indirect speech)

She says, “I will be going tomorrow.” (direct speech)
O
She says that she will be goingt the next day. (indirect speech)
Our teacher said that, “The sun rises in the east.” (direct speech)
O
Our teacher said that the sun rises in the east. (indirect speech)

If the reporting verb is in past tense, the verb of the reported speech is changed as discussed
below.
Simple present Simple past

Ishu said, “I like cricket.” Ishu said that she liked cricket.

Present continuous Past continuous
They said, “We are going to Agra.” They said that they were going to Agra.

Present perfect Past perfect

The player said, “I have won the trophy. The player said that he had won the trophy.
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

He said, “It has been raining. He said that it had been raining.
Simple past Past continuous

Anuj said to me, “I did not meet him.” Anju told me that he had not met him.
Direct and Indirect Speech
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Leena said that she had been learning the
Leena said, “I was learning the guitar.”
guitar.

Past perfect Past perfect
Sunil said, “I had passed class 8.” Sunil said that he had passed class 8.

Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

Deepa said to me, “Anil had been Deepa told me that Anil had been learning
learning Latin. Latin.
If the direct speech has a word showing nearness, then it is changed to a word showing
distance. For example:

He said, “I live here.” (direct speech)
O
He said that he lived there. (indirect speech)

She asked, “What is this?”(direct speech)
O
She asked what that was. (indirect speech)

He said, “I will come today.” (direct speech)
O
He said that he would come that day. (indirect speech)

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