Page 41 - Grammar Glow - 7

Participles

Participles are words which are partly verbs and partly adjectives. So participles are called verbal
adjectives, too.
There are two types of participles.
1. Present Participle 2. Past Participle

Present Participle

The present participle is formed by adding ing to the first form of a verb.
Knock + ing = knocking hear + ing = hearing

Read the sentences given below.
l Hearing the alarm, the girl woke up. l A rolling stone gathers no moss.

l They went away laughing. l Go and comfort the weeping baby.
The present participle expresses a going-on action as an adjective. It is always active in form.

Past Participle
The past participle is another name for the third form of a verb.

burnt broken failed
Read the sentences given below.
l Deceived boy lost all his hope. l Throw the broken glass into the dustbin.

l The tired passenger sat under a tree. l Monu gives a worried glimpses.
The past participle expresses a perfected action as an adjective. It is always passive in form.

Gerunds

A gerund is a form of a verb which ends in ing and is partly a noun. Therefore, a gerund is a verbal
noun. Its verbal form resembles a present participle, but is used as noun.
Read the sentences given below.

l Tit for tat—is a popular saying. l Chatting is her favourite timepass.
All the above words in colour are the ing-forms of the verbs. But they have been used as nouns.

So gerunds are called verbal nouns as well.

Use of Gerund
A gerund can be used in various ways as under.
1. Subject of a verb : Playing cards is not allowed here.

2. Object of a verb : Stop moving at once.
3. Object of a preposition : Boys are fond of playing cricket.

4. Complement of a verb : 1. Giving is receiving. 2. Doing is learning.
5. Prohibitions : 1. No parking 2. No bill-sticking

6. Post-Verb activities : 1. Ankit contemplated marrying his cousin.
2. The milk began boiling.

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