Page 142 - Maths Skill - 6
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140 Maths
C. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false Statements
1. Bar graph is a pictorial representation of data.
2. An array is the data arranged in ascending order only.
3. Bar graph can be drawn only vertically.
4. Width of the bar is of no significance, it is merely for attraction.
5. In bar graph, bars are drawn with equal spacing between them.
6. When the numbers of observations are too many, we represent the information using a data.
INTRODUCTION
The word ‘Statistics’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Status’, Italian word ‘Statista’ German word ‘Statistik’ or
the French word ‘Statistique’ each of which means a political state. In fact, the notion of ‘Statistics’ was originally
derived from the word ‘state’ as it has been the traditional function of various state or central governments to
keep records of population, births, deaths, property, wealth, etc. Initially, the word ‘Statistics’ was used to mean
simply the collection of information in the form of numerical data by the state or central governments on different
aspects such as population, property, wealth, etc. These data were useful to the governments in assessing the real
situations in their respective states.
In the modern age, Statistics is considered as the science of collection, organization, presentation, analysis and
interpretation of numerical data. Consequently, there are five stages in a statistical investigations namely:
(i) Collection; (ii) Organization; (iii) Presentation; (iv) Analysis; and (v) Interpretation
After collection and organization of the data the next step is to extract some useful information from it as
conveniently and quickly as possible. For this, data are usually presented pictorially. The study of numerical data
through pictures or graphs is known as the pictorial representation or graph of the data.
COLLECTION OF DATA
The collection of facts related to certain item or subject under different circumstances is known as data.
To calculate the collection of data we use a tally mark like ‘|’ against each entry. After every 4 tally marks, the
fifth tally mark is put cutting the previous 4 tally marks like this ||||. This method of cutting marks helps us to count
the number of items more easily. For example; the number of books issued by the school library on five working
days can be expressed as follows.
Monday = = 8 books
Tuesday = = 17 books
Wednesday = = 12 books
Thursday = = 5 books
Friday = = 19 books
61 books
We interpret that total 61 books were issued in whole week.
ORGANIZATION OF DATA
After collection of data, the investigator has to find ways to condense them in tabular form in order to study their
salient features. Such an arrangement is called organization of data. The numerical observation collected by an
observer cannot be put to any use immediately and directly, that is why it is called a raw data.
