Page 57 - Math Skill - 4
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Factors and Multiples 55
For example, 3 × 6 = 18, means 18 is a multiple of both 3 and 6.
12 × 5 = 60, means 60 is a multiple of both 12 and 5.
2 × 3 × 4 = 24, means 24 is a multiple of 2, 3 and 4.
Finding Multiples
To obtain the multiples of a given number, all we have to do is to multiply the number by
counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,... etc. in succession.
Suppose we want to find the multiples of 3. What will we do? We will multiply 3 in turn by 1,
2, 3, 4, 5,... , etc. Thus, multiples of 3 are as follows.
3 × 1 = 3, 3 × 2 = 6, Fact-o-meter
As we can see, there is no limit, how many
3 × 3 = 9, 3 × 4 = 12, multiples of a number we can obtain.
3 × 5 = 15, 3 × 6 = 18, Just keep multiplying the number with
successive counting numbers and we will
3 × 7 = 21, 3 × 8 = 24, ... and so on. keep on getting the multiples.
Thus, the multiples of 3 are: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, ..., etc.
Properties of Multiples
Every number has unlimited number of multiples.
For example, multiples of 6 are:
Every number is a multiple of itself.
For example, 7 × 1 = 7 ⇒ 7 is a multiple of 7.
27 × 1 = 27 ⇒ 27 is a multiple of 27.
Zero is multiple of every number.
0 × 1 = 0, 0 × 2 = 0, 0 × 3 = 0
Every number is a multiple of 1.
The first and the smallest multiple of a number is the number itself.
For example, First and the smallest multiple of 3 is 3.
First and the smallest multiple of 19 is 19 and so on.
Every multiple of a number is either equal to or greater than the given number.
For example, Multiples of 9 are 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, etc.
Multiples of 22 are 22, 44, 66, 88, etc.
Note : To find whether a number is a multiple of a given number, divide the number by the
given (or smaller) number. If remainder is ‘0’, then the number is a multiple of the given
number. Otherwise, the number is not a multiple of the given number.
Common Multiples
Consider the numbers 2 and 3 and find their first three common multiples.
Multiples of 2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, ...
Multiples of 3 = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, ...
