Page 185 - English Grammar - IX-X

Negative Active: Do/Does + S + not Active: Am/Is/Are + S + Active: Has/Have + S +
Interrogative + V + O? not + V +-ing + O? not + V + O?
3
1
1
Passive: Am/Is/Are + O + Passive: Am/Is/Are + O + Passive: Has/Have + O +
not + V + by + S? not + being + V + by + S? not + been + V + by + S?
3
3
3
Active: Does she not help Active: Is the noise not Active: Have you not read
you? disturbing the man? a novel?
Passive: Are you not Passive: Is the man not Passive: Has a novel not
helped by her? being disturbed by the been read by you?
noise?

Key to symbols:
V = First form of the verb; V = Second form of the verb; V = Third form of the verb
2
1
3
S = Subject; O = Object; V + -ing = Present participle form of verb
Past Tense

Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense

Affirmative Active: S + V + O Active: S + was/were + V Active: S + had + V + O
2 1 3
Passive: O + was/were + +-ing + O Passive: O + had + been
V + by + S Passive: O + was/were + + V + by + S
3 3
being + V + by + S
3
Active: I sang a song. Active: I was reading the Active: I had found the
Passive: A song was sung newspaper. watch.
by me. Passive: The newspaper Passive: The watch had
was being read by me. been found by me.

Negative Active: S + did + not + Active: S + was/were + Active: S + had + not +
V + O not + V +-ing + O V + O
1 1 3
Passive: O + was/were + Passive: O + was/were + Passive: O + had + not +
not + V + by + S not + being + V + by + S been + V + by + S
3
3
3
Active: She was not Active: He had not found
Active: He did not speak reading the letter. the watch.
the truth. Passive: The letter was Passive: The watch had
Passive: The truth was not being read by her. not been found by him.
not spoken by him.

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