Page 51 - Sst Class - X
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3. The Making of a Global World
                 3. The Making of a Global World






                                                     Memory  Points
                                                     Memory  Points
          Pre-modern world
            •  The pre-modern world refers to the period before the modern era, which is generally considered to

               have begun with the Industrial Revolution.
            •  As early as 3,000 BCE, an active coastal trade had linked the Harappan Civilisation with present day
               West Asia.

            •  Silk Routes performed a major role in connecting the vast region of Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe.

            •  Precious metals—Gold and Silver—flowed from Europe to Asia in exchange for textiles and  Spices
               from India and South-east Asia.
            •  Traders and travellers introduce new crops and ready foodstuffs to distant parts of the world.

            •  Despite suffering from poverty and hunger until the nineteenth century, Europe gradually became
               the centre of world trade via colonialism.

            •  Economists identified three main flows or movements that played a crucial role in this transformation:
               1. The trade of goods 2. The migration of people 3. The movement of capital

          Modern world economy
            •  The nineteenth century saw several  important technological  advancements such  as railways,

               steamships, and the telegraph.
            •  In the late 1800s, trade and markets grew bigger and powerful countries like Britain, France, Belgium,
               and Germany took control of many places.

            •  In the 1890s, a disease called cattle plague spread quickly in Africa, and it had a big impact on people’s
               livelihoods and local economy.

            •  During the 19th century, many people from India were hired to work in other countries under a
               contract known as indentured labour.

            •  The First World War fought between 1914 and 1918, was a global war involving the world’s leading
               industrial nations. After the First World War, Britain faced a prolonged crisis.

            •  The Great Depression, which lasted from around 1929 to the mid-1930s, resulted in catastrophic
               declines in production, employment, income, and trade.
            •  The Depression had an immediate and severe impact on Indian trade, with agricultural prices falling
               sharply.

            •  The Second World War was fought between the Axis powers, mainly consisting of Nazi Germany,
               Japan, and Italy, and the Allies, comprising Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.



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