Page 51 - Sst Class - X
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3. The Making of a Global World
3. The Making of a Global World
Memory Points
Memory Points
Pre-modern world
• The pre-modern world refers to the period before the modern era, which is generally considered to
have begun with the Industrial Revolution.
• As early as 3,000 BCE, an active coastal trade had linked the Harappan Civilisation with present day
West Asia.
• Silk Routes performed a major role in connecting the vast region of Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe.
• Precious metals—Gold and Silver—flowed from Europe to Asia in exchange for textiles and Spices
from India and South-east Asia.
• Traders and travellers introduce new crops and ready foodstuffs to distant parts of the world.
• Despite suffering from poverty and hunger until the nineteenth century, Europe gradually became
the centre of world trade via colonialism.
• Economists identified three main flows or movements that played a crucial role in this transformation:
1. The trade of goods 2. The migration of people 3. The movement of capital
Modern world economy
• The nineteenth century saw several important technological advancements such as railways,
steamships, and the telegraph.
• In the late 1800s, trade and markets grew bigger and powerful countries like Britain, France, Belgium,
and Germany took control of many places.
• In the 1890s, a disease called cattle plague spread quickly in Africa, and it had a big impact on people’s
livelihoods and local economy.
• During the 19th century, many people from India were hired to work in other countries under a
contract known as indentured labour.
• The First World War fought between 1914 and 1918, was a global war involving the world’s leading
industrial nations. After the First World War, Britain faced a prolonged crisis.
• The Great Depression, which lasted from around 1929 to the mid-1930s, resulted in catastrophic
declines in production, employment, income, and trade.
• The Depression had an immediate and severe impact on Indian trade, with agricultural prices falling
sharply.
• The Second World War was fought between the Axis powers, mainly consisting of Nazi Germany,
Japan, and Italy, and the Allies, comprising Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.
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