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c. Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.

d. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
1. A: Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act.

R: He found the tax on salt oppressive.
2. A: When the Simon Commission came to India, Indian citizens welcomed them with respect.

R: All the members of the Simon Commission were Europeans.
3. A: Mahatma Gandhi found salt to be a powerful symbol to unite the nation.

R: Salt was consumed by the rich and poor alike.
4. A: The Civil Disobedience Movement was a remarkable event in the history of the Indian freedom
struggle.

R: Large-scale participation of women was witnessed in the Salt March.

Case Study-based Questions

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Mahatma Gandhi was profoundly critical of the modern age in which machines enslaved humans and
displaced labour. He saw the charkha as a symbol of a human society that would not glorify machines
and technology. The spinning wheel, moreover, could provide the poor with supplementary income and
make them self-reliant.

“What I object to, is the craze for machinery as such. The craze is for what they call labourer-saving
machinery. Men go on “saving labour”, till thousands are without work and thrown on the open streets
to die of starvation. I want to save time and labour, not for a fraction of mankind, but for all; I want the
concentration of wealth, not in the hands of few, but in the hands of all.”

– Young India, 13 November 1924
1. How did the spinning wheel, both as a symbol and tool, contribute to Gandhi’s vision of an equitable
society?

2. Why was Gandhiji afraid of the rising use of machines?

3. Suggest an approach or method that supports the coexistence of machines and human resources.

Viva Voce Questions

1. When did Simon Commission arrive in India?

2. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju?

3. Who created the Swaraj flag?
4. When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India?

5. What were the great movements initiated by Mahatma Gandhi?

6. When was the demand for “Purna Swaraj” formalised?

7. Who started the Khilafat Movement?

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