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2. Machine Learning (ML) Approach: Machine Learning
systems are designed to define its own set of rules
based on data outputs to which they have access
without the intervention of humans. ML-based systems
use deep learning, where they observe large datasets,
find patterns in the data, and treat similar data in the
same way. These systems are able to update and adapt
themselves to new situations.

Types of AI on Basis of Capability
Based on the scope and range of capabilities, AI can be categorised as follows:

1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): Artificial Narrow Intelligence is the type of AI that is able
to perform a dedicated task with intelligence. ANI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations,
as it is only trained for one specific task. Hence, it is also termed as Weak AI. Some applications
of ANI are playing chess, making purchasing suggestions on e-commerce websites, self-driving
cars, speech recognition systems, virtual assistants, and image recognition. ANI is developed
using rule-based AI.

2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Artificial General
Intelligence is the type of AI that can perform any
intellectual task with efficiency, just like a human. The
idea behind AGI is to develop a system which could be
smarter and think like a human on its own. Currently,
there is no system which could fall under AGI. AGI-based
systems would be based on machine learning.

3. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI): Artificial Super Intelligence, or Strong AI, is the level of AI at
which machines will surpass human intelligence and can perform any task better than humans
with cognitive properties. Some key characteristics of Strong AI include the ability to think,
reason, solve problems, make judgements, plan, learn, and communicate on its own.

Types of AI on Basis of Functionality
Based on functionality, AI can be of the following types:

1. Reactive Machines: Reactive Machines do not store memories or past experiences for future
actions. These machines only focus on current scenarios and react to them as per the possible
best action governed by their programming. IBM’s Deep Blue and Google’s AlphaGo are
examples of reactive machines.
2. Limited Memory: Limited Memory machines can store
and use past experiences or some data for a short period
of time. Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of
Limited Memory systems.
3. Theory of Mind: Theory of Mind AI should be able to
understand human emotions, behaviours, beliefs, and
be able to interact socially like humans. Kismet, the robot head, designed by Dr. Cynthia
Breazeal, and Sophia, the humanoid robot developed by Hanson Robotics, are the best two
examples of the Theory of Mind AI.

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