Page 65 - English Grammar - 8

Formation of Sentences in Present Perfect Tense
To make a positive sentence, we add the helping verbs has or have with the past participle
form of the main verb. For example:
I have taught that lesson before.
O
To make a negative sentence, we add has not or have not before the past participle form of
the main verb. For example:
He has not given me a reason to complain.
O
To make an interrogative sentence, we start the question with have or has before the subject
followed by the past participle form of the main verb. For example:
Have they decided who the captain will be?
O
Practice Time 1

Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense as directed in brackets.
1. I _______________ the manuscript in detail. (study)
2. You _______________ me to bring the documents along. (ask)

3. He _______________ any chocolates for the last five years. (eat-negative)
4. Where is that cat? _______________ it _______________ again? (disappear-interrogative)
5. We _______________ a single fish this morning. (catch-negative)

Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one
event happened before another in the past.
The train had left the station before we could reach.

The patient had died before the doctor came.
Formation of Sentences in Past Perfect Tense
To make a positive sentence, we add had before the past participle form of the main verb.
For example:
We had walked a good way up the hill when we saw the shortcut.
O
To make a negative sentence, we add had not before the past participle form of the main
verb. For example:
I had not learnt Japanese before I came to Tokyo.
O
To make an interrogative sentence, we add had before the subject followed by the past
participle form of the main verb. For example:
Had they seen such a spectacle in their country?
O Perfect Tenses

Practice Time 2

Fill in the blanks with the past perfect tense as directed in brackets.

1. Within a few days, I _______________ all my money. (spend)
2. The farmer _______________ a huge loan. (take)
3. She _______________ since sunrise. (eat–negative)

4. _______________ they _______________ for a meeting? (gather–interrogative)
5. I was tired as I _______________ for two nights. (sleep–negative)
63