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given in colour. It needs a complement to make its sentence. Such a verb is called a verb with an
incomplete predication. Here are some such verbs.

(a) Transitive Verbs : appoint call choose keep make wish

(b) Intransitive Verbs : appear feel grow prove taste turn
Three forms of verbs that are mostly used, are called conjugation of verbs.

In view of the conjugation, verbs fall into two main classes—regular verbs and irregular verbs.

Regular verbs make their past forms and past participle forms by adding ed to their present forms.
But irregular verbs make their past and past participle forms in irregular ways.

Cognate Object

Sometimes, an intransitive verb is followed by an object that is its own noun form. Such an object
is called a cognate object. The word cognate means something having the same origin.

Study the following sentences carefully.
1. They are living a luxurious life.

2. The rabbit ran a long race.

3. Hary sang a melodious song.
4. Always think positive thoughts.

5. He slept a sound sleep.

The words in colour are nouns. Each of them has been formed from the verb of its sentence. This
verb has been given in italics. Such a noun is called a cognate object.
Regular Verbs

Present Past Past Participle
add added added

adopt adopted adopted
allow allowed allowed

ask asked asked
assist assisted assisted

attack attacked attacked
borrow borrowed borrowed

brush brushed brushed
call called called

collect collected collected
enjoy enjoyed enjoyed

establish established established

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