Page 8 - Chemistry - XI

CONTENTS

1. Basic Laboratory Techniques 9–13

Experiment - 1: To cut a glass tube or a glass rod for different uses. 9

Experiment - 2: To bend a glass tube. 10
Experiment - 3: To draw out a glass jet. 11

Experiment - 4: To bore a hole in the cork and fit a glass tube in the hole. 12

2. Characterisation and Purification of Chemical Substances 14–20

Experiment - 5: To obtain pure crystals of potash alum from its impure solution. 14

Experiment - 6: To obtain pure crystals of copper sulphate from given impure sample. 15
Experiment - 7: To obtain pure crystals of benzoic acid from its impure sample. 16

Experiment - 8: Determination of melting point of a solid organic substance. 17

Experiment - 9: Determination of boiling point of a liquid organic compound. 19

3. Determination of pH Values 21–29

Experiment - 10: To determine the pH of some fruit juices, acid, base and salts with dilutions. 21
Experiment - 11: To study the variation in pH by common ion effect in the case of weak acid 24
(acetic acid) and weak base (NH OH).
4
Experiment - 12: To study the pH change in the titration of a strong base with a strong acid 25
using universal indicator.

4. Chemical Equilibrium (Ionic Equilibrium in Solutions) 30–34

Experiment - 13: Study of the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions 30
by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either of the ions.

Experiment - 14: To study the effect of concentration on chemical equilibrium between 32
[Co(H O) ] and Cl ions.
–
2+
2
6
5. Titrimetric (Volumetric) Analysis 35–47
Experiment - 15: To prepare a standard solution of oxalic acid (0.1 M). 41
Experiment - 16: Determination of the strength of a given sodium hydroxide solution by 42
titrating it against a standard solution (M/10) of oxalic acid.

Experiment - 17: To prepare a standard solution of sodium carbonate (M/20). 43

Experiment - 18: To determine the strength of a given solution of dilute HCl by titrating 44
it against a standard solution of 0.05 M sodium carbonate.