Page 61 - Maths Skill - 3

Multiplication 59

Multiplication
Multiplication is repeated addition of a number. It indicates how many times a number
is added to itself. It is represented by the sign ‘×’.

In multiplication, the number to be multiplied is known as multiplicand.
The number by which the multiplicand is multiplied is called the multiplier.

The answer we get is called the product.

Multiplicand Multiplier Product
For example,
5 × 4 = 20

Factors and Products 8 × 3 = 24

When we multiply 8 by 3, we get 24.

In short, we write; 8 × 3 = 24. Factors Product

Here, 8 and 3 are called the factors and 24 is the product.

Let’s Attempt

Example 1: Find the product of 5 and 6.

Solution: 5 × 6 = 30, the product is 30.

Example 2: Find the missing factor for each of the following.

(a) 7 × = 21 (b) × 6 = 54

Solution: (a) 7 × 3 = 21, 3 is the missing factor in this multiplication fact.

(b) 9 × 6 = 54, 9 is the missing factor in this multiplication fact.

Exercise 5.1

1. Fill in the boxes to show that multiplication is repeated addition.

(a) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = , 5 × 2 =

(b) 7 + 7 + 7 = , 3 × 7 =

(c) 5 × 4 = , 4 + + + + =

2. Find the product for each of the following.

(a) 5 × 6 = (b) 3 × 7 = (c) 8 × 4 =

(d) 6 × 9 = (e) 5 × 8 = (f) 3 × 5 =