Page 106 - Hindi - 8

gSA eSaus e”kkd&e”kkd esa viuh lkl th osQ ckjs esa oqQN dg fn;k FkkA fdlh fHkM+kus okys us vkSj ued&fepZ
yxkdj Jherh th ls dg fn;k gSA dy fnu Hkj ?kj esa •kuk ugha cuk vkSj 'kke dks mUgksaus lc lkeku Hkh iSd

dj fy;k gS vkSj ek;osQ tkus dh rS;kjh dj jgh gSaA HkkbZ] rqEgha pyks] oqQN gks losQ rks bl ekeys dks lekIr

djkvksA¸ eSaus dgk& ¶;kj vkt igyh ckj gSA D;ksa ugha viuh ”kqcku ij dkcw j•rs gSa\ eu cgykus osQ vkSj
Hkh vusd lk/u gSa] D;k nwljs dh fuank djus osQ vfrfjDr rqEgkjk euksjatu vkSj fdlh lk/u ls ugha gks ldrkA
HkkbZ] enZ dk dksbZ ekeyk gksrk eSa pyk pyrk] fe;k¡&chch osQ >xM+s esa iM+¡™ brus cky esjs flj esa ugha gSaA cgqr

feUur djus ij eSa muosQ lkFk pyk x;kA

Jherh th osQ psgjs ij ,slh ykyh Fkh tSlh tsB ekl dh nksigj esa lw;Z dh gksrh gSA eSaus dgk& ¶HkkHkh th

ueLrs¸A mUgksaus cgqr gh vkSipkfjd :i ls ueLrs dgkA esjh fgEer ugha iM+ jgh FkhA le> esa ugha vkrk Fkk

fd ckrphr fdl <ax ls 'kq: dh tk,A •Sj lkgc] fdlh çdkj eSaus lkgl djosQ ckrphr vkjaHk dhA os rks Hkjh
gqbZ cSBh Fkha] mcy iM+ha& ¶vc rd rks ckgjokyksa dh fuank gh fd;k djrs FksA vc ?kjokyksa dk Hkh uacj vk

x;kA D;ksa dksbZ vius ek¡&cki dh cqjkbZ lqusxk\ HkkbZ lkgc] fuR; gh fuank djus osQ dkj.k budh nqxZfr gksrh gS
vkSj ;s gSa fd bl vknr dks ugha NksM+rsA vc rks iM+ksfl;ksa us cksypky can dj j•h gSA ftldh ns•ks cqjkbZA¸

esjs cgqr le>kus&cq>kus ij mudk xqLlk mrjkA
fnekx yM+kvks
mUgksaus Jherh th osQ lkeus çfrKk dh fd os fdlh dh fuank ugha fnekx yM+kvks

djsaxsA ysfdu eq>s iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd os 'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz fdlh dh fuank vxj vkidk dksbZ lgikBh vkils
djsaxs D;ksafd os fuank dks gh jljkt ekurs gSaA fdlh dh cqjkbZ djs rks\

(Critical Thinking)
µMkWñ cjlkusyky prqoZsnh

jpukdkj ifjp;p;
jpukdkj ifj

fganh gkL;&O;aX; osQ l'kDr gLrk{kj MkWñ cjlkusyky prqosZnh dk tUe 20 vxLr] 1920 dks mRrj izns'k osQ eFkqjk f”kys
esa gqvk FkkA bUgksaus vkxjk fo'ofon~;ky; ls ^fganh lkfgR; esa gkL; jl* fo"k; ij ih,pñMhñ dh mikfèk izkIr dhA ^vkèkqfud
dkO; esa O;aX;* fo"k; ij MhñfyVñ fd;kA xn~;&in~; esa leku :i ls vfèkdkj j[kus okys cjlkusyky th us yxHkx pkyhl
xzaFkksa dh jpuk dhA jpukvksa osQ ekè;e ls jk"Vªh;&varjkZ"Vªh; [;kfr vftZr dhA Hkkjr ljdkj us bUgsa in~eJh lEeku ls
foHkwf"kr fd;kA ;s vius lkfgfR;d ;ksxnku osQ fy, mñizñ ljdkj vkSj fganh vdkneh ls Hkh lEekfur gq,A budh izfln~èk
o`Qfr;k¡ gSa& Hkksykjke iafMr dh cSBd] feLVj pks[ksyky] cqjs i + ¡Qls] feLVj [kks, [kks,] gkL; fucaèk&laxzg] eqlhcr gS] xaxk eS;k ls lk{kkRdkj bR;kfnA

/;ku /kjks Q O;aX; foèkk ls ifjp; Q nwljksa dh cqjkbZ u djuk
Q gkL;&O;aX; dk vkuan

ewY;ijd iz'u
ewY;ijd iz'u (Value Based Question)

fdlh osQ nqxqZ.kksa dks mlij izdV dj ge mlosQ O;fDrRo esa lqèkkj dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu ihB ihNs fdlh dh
fuank dj mlesa jl ysuk ,d lkekftd cqjkbZ gSA bl ckjs esa vkidk D;k fopkj gS\

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