Page 254 - Ai Book - 10

u Components of images
u Storing procedure of images in your computer or mobile phones
u Visual appearance of Images

u Representation and manipulation of data included images in the form of binary digits
The basic knowledge about images are:

u Pixels: As you know, data in computers is stored and
transmitted as a series of ones and zeros called binary digits. To
store an image on a computer, the image is broken down into
tiny elements called pixels. A pixel (short for picture element)
represents one colour. It is also known as a picture element. In
simple terms, it is usually the smallest single component of a
digital image.

u Resolution: An image is made up of a hundred numbers of pixels and the number of pixels available in an
image called the resolution. The term resolution refers to the total number of count of pixels in a digital
image. For example, if an image has a rows and b columns, then its resolution can be defined as a x b. If
we define resolution as the total number of pixels, then pixel resolution can be defined with a set of two
numbers. The first number is the width of the picture, or the pixels across columns, and the second number
is height of the picture, or the pixels across its rows. In simple words, you can say that the higher is the pixel
resolution, the higher is the quality of the image.

1x 2x 3x
(10 × 10 px) (20 × 20 px) (30 × 30 px)

u Pixel Value: In case of a digital image, each picture element that represents an image stored inside a
computer has a unique value called pixel value which describes the brightness and colour of the picture.
The most common pixel format is the byte image, where this number is stored as an 8-bit integer giving a
range of possible values from 0 to 255. Typically, zero is to be taken as no colour or black and 255 is taken
to be full colour or white. Let us understand the concept of number of bits and number of pattern with the
help of a table given below:

Number of Bits Different Patterns Calculation Total Number of patterns
1 0 1 2^1 2

2 00 01 10 11 2^2 4

3 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 2^3 8

4 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 2^4 16
0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1110 1111

5 10000 10001 10010 10011 10100 10101 2^5 32
10110 10111 11000 11001 11010 11011
11100 11101 11110 11111

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