Page 89 - Sst Class - IX

 Between two or more state governments

 Between governments at the union and state levels
• Independence of the judiciary means that it is not under the control of the legislature or the executive.
The judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in
power.

• The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President on the advice
of the Prime Minister and in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
• A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed separately by two-thirds of members
of the two Houses of Parliament.

• The Supreme Court and the High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution of the country.
• The Judiciary can determine the constitutional validity of any legislation or action of the executive in
the country when it is challenged before them which is known as the judicial review.

• The Supreme Court of India has also ruled that the core or basic principles of the Constitution cannot
be changed by the Parliament.
• The powers and the independence of the Indian judiciary allow it to act as the guardian of Fundamental
Rights.

• Anyone can approach the courts if the public interest is hurt by the actions of the government which
is called Public Interest Litigation.

EXERCISE
EXERCISE

Choose the correct option

1. Which institution is responsible for making laws in India?
a. Prime Minister b. Parliament c. Election Commission d. Supreme Court

2. Which institution is responsible for protecting the Fundamental Rights of citizens?
a. President of India b. Parliament c. Election Commission d. Supreme Court

3. Who is the real head of the Government in India?
a. President b. Prime Minister c. Chief Minister d. Governor

4. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to __________________.
a. President b. Prime Minister

c. Speaker of the Lok Sabha d. Chief Minister
5. What is the term of office for the members of the Rajya Sabha in India?

a. 3 years b. 4 years c. 5 years d. 6 years
6. The concept of “judicial review” means that the Supreme Court can:

a. review the functioning of the President
b. review the functioning of the Parliament

c. review the functioning of the Council of Ministers
d. review the constitutional validity of laws

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