Page 41 - Sst Class - X

History

1. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Memory Points
Memory Points
• In the 19th century, nationalism began to rise in Europe, changing socio-political dynamics.

• The French Revolution played a significant role in replacing an absolutist monarchy with a republican
government.
• Napoleon was responsible for reinstating the monarchy and destroying the democracy in France.
However, his revolutionary measures helped in making the system more efficient.

• National unity in early 19th century Europe was closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. In the
economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed
restrictions on goods.

• European governments adopted conservatism after 1815.
• Secret societies were formed in various parts of Europe to bring reforms.

• The period of 1830–1848 is considered as the “Age of Revolutions” marked by a series of revolutionary
movements.

• By 1848, the conservatives associated the concept of nationalism with the power of the state.
• The new liberal middle class contributed to the spread of ideas of national unity and the abolition of
aristocratic privileges. It helped in the unification and development of nation-states.

• National Symbols and allegories played crucial roles in fostering a sense of unity and patriotism
among citizens.

• After 1871, nationalism became linked with imperialism, and its idealistic liberal-democratic ideals
faded away.
• Nationalism, aligned with imperialism, led Europe towards a period of chaos, disturbance, and
warfare in 1914.

Famous Revolutionaries and Personalities:
• Giuseppe Mazzini

• Louis XIV
• Montesquieu

• Napoleon Bonaparte

• Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Louis Blanc

• Otto von Bismarck

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