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Logical Thinking

Identify and write the name of the discipline of learning from its description given below:
(a) Understanding the relation between languages and thoughts. _______________
(b) Understanding how and why people behave in different ways. _______________

(c) Understanding how the human brain processes learning. _______________
(d) Understanding how to program human intelligence in terms of code and software. _______________

HOW AI WORKS?
The biggest question in the development of AI was how to simulate human intelligence in machines.
Human intelligence develops from observing, analysing, doing, and learning from experience. Similarly,
AI also attempts to make machines intelligent by letting them observe, analyse, testing, and updating
their knowledge after getting the feedback about their actions. Any approach to AI involves developing
proper algorithms for performing the above mentioned tasks.

Let us learn about the various approaches and key technologies that have made implementation of AI
possible.

SYMBOLIC AI
Symbolic AI refers to approaches to developing intelligent machines by encoding the knowledge and
experience of experts into sets of rules that can be executed by the machine. This AI is described as
symbolic because it makes use of symbolic reasoning, e.g., if X = Y and Y = Z, then X = Z, to represent
and solve problems. Thus, Symbolic AI is also referred to as Rule-based AI. This was the main approach
to AI applications from the 1950s to the 1990s, and is still used in many contexts, from thermostats to
advanced robotics.

The image given below describes a Rule-based system for a chatbot.

Symbolic AI can be implemented by two different approaches:

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