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(d) bdgjk mn~/j.k fpg~uµ bl fpg~u dk iz;ksx fdlh iqLrd osQ uke] 'kh"kZd] O;fDr osQ miuke
vkfn osQ lkFk fd;k tkrk gS_ tSlsµ
- jke/kjh flag ^fnudj*A
- ^jkek;.k* ¯gnqvksa dk ifo=k xzaFk ekuk tkrk gSA
([k) nksgjk mn~/j.k fpg~uµ bl fpg~u dk iz;ksx vf/dka'kr% izfln~/ dFku] dgkor] laokn vkfn
dks T;ksa&dk&R;ksa izLrqr djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gS_ tSlsµ
- usrk th us dgk] ¶rqe eq>s [kwu nks] eSa rqEgsa vk”kknh nw¡xkA¸
- iz/kuea=kh us dgk] ¶csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvksA¸
- ¶LoPN Hkkjr¸ ,d dne LoPNrk dh vksjA
7- ;kstd fpg~u (&)
nks ,d tSls 'kCnksa] foijhrkFkZd 'kCnksa rFkk vkil esa rqyuk vkfn osQ fy, bl fpg~u dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS_ tSlsµ
- jkr&fnu] vkuk&tkuk] /hjs&/hjs] Åij&uhps vkfnA
- i'kq&if{k;ksa ij vk/kfjr dgkuh fyf[k,A
8- funsZ'kd fpg~u (µ)
funsZ'kd fpg~u (µ) ;kstd fpg~u ls vkdkj eas cM+k gksrk gSA fdlh ckr dk funsZ'k nsus osQ fy, vFkok
dksbZ mnkgj.k] fooj.k ;k dFku Li"V djus osQ fy, funsZ'kd fpg~u dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS_ tSlsµ
- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fuca/ fyf[k,µ
(d) esjk fiz; dfo ([k) esjk Hkkjr egku
- 'kCn ;k okD;ka'k dks Li"V djus osQ fy,_ tSlsµ
fyax nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSa_ tSlsµ
L=khfyax vkSj iqfYyaxA
9- yk?ko ;k la{ksid fpg~u (ú)µ
tgk¡ ij 'kCnksa dks iwjk u fy[kdj NksVk djosQ fy[kk tkrk gS] ogk¡ yk?ko ;k la{ksid fpg~u dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA bls vaxzs”kh esa (Sign of Abbreviation) dgk tkrk gS_ tSlsµ
- o`Qi;k i`"B myVsaµ o`Qúi`úmú MkWDVjµ MkWú
+
- izksisQljµ izksú iafMrµ iaú
vH;kl
vH;kl
cksfy, (okpu dkS'ky)
cksfy, (okpu dkS'ky)
nksgjs mn~/j.k fpg~u dk iz;ksx dc fd;k tkrk gS\
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