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11- oqQN 'kCn_ tSlsµlkèkq] vkneh] isM+] iwQy] gkFk] ?kj] eafnj] vkfn ,dopu o cgqopu
esa ,d tSls jgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
vkneh [kkuk [kk jgk gSA ,dopu
vkneh [kkuk [kk jgs gSaA cgqopu
mQij fn, x, nksuksa opuksa esa ^vkneh* 'kCn dk :i ugha cnyk] ¯drq buosQ lkFk ^us*] ^ls*] ^ij*
vkfn yxk nsus ij budk :i Hkh cny tkrk gS_ tSlsµ
vkneh us [kkuk [kk;kA ,dopu
vknfe;ksa us [kkuk [kk;kA cgqopu
vkvks nksgjk ysa
B laKk ;k loZUkke 'kCn osQ ftl :i ls mldh la[;k dk cks/ gksrk gSS] mls opu dgrs gSaA
B opu nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµ1- ,dopu 2- cgqopu
B 'kCn osQ ftl :i ls mlosQ la[;k esa ,d gksus dk cksèk gks] mls ,dopu dgrs gSaA
B 'kCn osQ ftl :i ls mlosQ la[;k esa ,d ls vfèkd (vusd) gksus dk cksèk gks] mls cgqopu dgrs gSaA
B oqQN 'kCn lnSo ,dopu esa iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSa_ tSlsµèkjrh] turk] I;kj vkfnA
B oqQN 'kCn lnSo cgqopu esa iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSa_ tSlsµcky] lekpkj] yksx] n'kZu vkfnA
B vknj nsus osQ fy, lnSo cgqopu dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
vH;kl
vH;kl
cksfy, (okpu dkS'ky)
cksfy, (okpu dkS'ky)
1- opu fdls dgrs gSa\
2- os [ksy jgs gSa_ ,dopu gS ;k cgqopu\
fyf[k, (ys[ku dkS'ky)
fyf[k, (ys[ku dkS'ky)
1- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa ds opu cnfy,µ
(d) csVs -------------------------------- ([k) Nk=k --------------------------------
(x) nokbZ -------------------------------- (?k) oLrq,¡ --------------------------------
(Ä) Hkk"kk,¡ -------------------------------- (p) cgu --------------------------------
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