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of resumes submitted over the past 10 years and the candidates hired. And since most of the candidates were
men, the algorithm also favoured men over women. In the beginning of computing, programmers understood
the concept of GIGO.
GIGO, an acronym of Garbage In Garbage Out means that you will get wrong output if you give wrong input to
the computers. In simple words, the quality of the output received from a computer program depends on the
quality of the information that was input. This principle is also applicable to AI systems.

Problem of Inclusion in AI Systems

You have learned that data is the core of AI systems that can make their own decisions without any type of
human interference . These systems are equipped with real world data to do a specific job which can be biased
or unbiased. Most of the time, inclusion problems are found in those AI systems which can make decisions on
the basis of biased data. For example, facial recognition technology is not so accurate to recognize faces with
dark skin. This is a situation in which many people with darker skin feel inferior.

As you have read earlier, various applications of AI have raised serious ethical issues all over the world. These
issues can be classified into two ways:

u Privacy Issue u Adoption Issue
Privacy Concern

Data collection is one of the most serious implications of AI systems that comes under the category of Privacy
Concern. Let us understand with the help of an example. Gmail, an app offered by Google helps us to set up an
email account for sending emails within a second across the World. You have seen that while creating an account
on G-mail, it will ask for some information such as Date of Birth, Phone Number etc. After filling all information,
you can put a tick mark in the checkbox of lengthy user agreements without even realizing the implications of
these agreements on our privacy rights. You should remember that data entered by you is stored somewhere
in the large databases. Thus, the information entered by you can be used anywhere in which potential risk is so
high.
Adoption Concern

As you know, AI systems affect the human workforce which is considered as one of the major concerns related to
the adoption of AI systems. Let us understand more about adoption concerns of AI system through the following
points:
Future of Jobs

Nowadays, you have seen various sectors which are filled with the concern of future jobs due to adoption of AI
enabled systems in various sectors. The different researches on the topic “ Job loss due to Automation” have
been published by different organisations are as follows:

u According to McKinsey Global Institute, “Approximately 40 to 160 million women worldwide may need
to switch the jobs by 2030 because different types of jobs such as clerical, schedulers, bookkeepers, etc.
are the most susceptible areas which will be acquired by automation. These types of jobs are women-
dominated in developed countries.”

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